Introduction

The Shiva Devales of Polonnaruwa are some of the earliest surviving monuments from the city’s time as a medieval capital. Dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, these shrines reflect the Chola influence during their occupation of Sri Lanka in the 10th and 11th centuries. Today, they stand as important reminders of the island’s multicultural heritage, blending seamlessly with Polonnaruwa’s Buddhist monuments.

History & Background

• The Chola dynasty of South India conquered parts of Sri Lanka in the 10th century CE and established Polonnaruwa as their stronghold.
• They built several Hindu temples (devales) dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, and other deities.
• The Shiva Devales No. 1 and No. 2 are among the oldest structures in Polonnaruwa, dating to this period.
• Constructed from durable stone, they are among the best-preserved Hindu shrines from that era in Sri Lanka.
• After the Cholas were defeated by King Vijayabahu I, the temples remained, symbolizing the cultural coexistence that followed.

Why Visit

• Multicultural Heritage – Explore Polonnaruwa’s Hindu shrines alongside Buddhist monuments.
• Chola Architecture – Distinctive South Indian style with granite stonework.
• Historical Value – Among the earliest surviving buildings of Polonnaruwa.
• Spiritual Significance – Still sacred to Hindu visitors today.

Top Highlights

• Shiva Devale No. 1 – The oldest structure in Polonnaruwa, built entirely of stone.
• Shiva Devale No. 2 – Better preserved, with a Shiva lingam and stone carvings still intact.
• Granite Workmanship – Solid stone walls, pillars, and doorways unique to Chola craftsmanship.
• Sacred Ambience – Hindu devotees still perform small rituals.
• Cultural Contrast – Located close to major Buddhist monuments, showcasing Polonnaruwa’s diversity.

Best Time to Visit

• Season: Year-round.
• Time of Day: Morning or late afternoon for soft light on the stonework.
• Festivals: Most vibrant during Hindu religious observances when rituals are performed.

How to Get There

• From Polonnaruwa Town: Located within the Sacred Quadrangle area, easily reached by bicycle or tuk-tuk.
• From Colombo: ~215 km (~5–6 hours by car).
• From Sigiriya/Dambulla: ~65 km (~1.5–2 hours by car).
• Public Transport: Buses connect Polonnaruwa to Colombo and Dambulla; tuk-tuks ideal for local temple-hopping.

Difficulty / Accessibility

• Difficulty: Easy (flat ground, short walks).
• Kids Friendly: Yes, with supervision.
• Elderly Friendly: Yes.
• Accessibility: Paths are uneven in places; partial wheelchair accessibility.

Travel Tips

• Duration: 20–40 minutes to explore both shrines.
• Dress Code: Modest attire (shoulders and knees covered).
• Shoes: Remove before entering shrine interiors.
• Best Combo: Visit with the Sacred Quadrangle, Vatadage, and Gal Vihara for a full Polonnaruwa heritage tour.
• Local Insight: Notice the stone inscriptions in Tamil, reflecting the Chola presence.

Conclusion

The Shiva Devales are living reminders of Polonnaruwa’s multi-religious past, showcasing South Indian architecture and Hindu devotion alongside Buddhist grandeur. For travelers, they add depth to the exploration of Polonnaruwa, highlighting the cultural diversity and shared heritage that shaped Sri Lanka’s history.